What are Adaptogenic Mushrooms? Benefits, Side Effects, & More

by Kat Austin May 24, 2022 9 min read

What are Adaptogenic Mushrooms? Benefits, Side Effects, & More - VO Inc

 

The world of natural remedies has introduced a powerful group of fungi known as adaptogenic mushrooms. What are adaptogenic mushrooms? They are mushrooms with bioactive compounds that help the body manage stress and maintain balance.

Adaptogenic mushroom benefits include stress reduction and enhanced well-being, while adaptogenic mushrooms side effects are generally minimal but worth noting. Available in various forms like capsules, powders, and mushroom tea, these mushroom adaptogens can easily be integrated into your daily routine.

Here’s what you need to know about their effects and potential risks:

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Table of Contents
What is an Adaptogenic Mushroom?
Which Mushrooms are Adaptogens?
Are Adaptogenic Mushrooms Safe?
Adaptogenic Mushrooms FAQs
Resources

 

Key Takeaways

  • Adaptogenic mushrooms help the body manage stress, potentially improving overall function and preventing stress-induced damage.
  • Popular mushroom adaptogens include reishi, cordyceps, lion’s mane, and maitake, each offering unique benefits.
  • While generally safe, adaptogenic mushrooms side effects can occur, so avoid them if you have a mushroom allergy or take specific medications.

What are Mushroom Adaptogens?

 

Adaptogens, often herbs or plant-based supplements, are believed to help the body manage stress by "adapting" to its needs and regulating the stress response.

Unlike hallucinogenic "magic mushrooms," adaptogenic mushrooms don't produce immediate one-off effects. Instead, consistent daily use is needed to support the body's ability to handle various types of stress and protect against stress-related damage over time.

Over time, adaptogens can help to regulate the body’s reaction to physical, biological, and chemical stress, and protect against stress-related damage, which can have a long-term, negative impact on health.

A variety of different adaptogenic mushrooms that are usually used in tandem to reap optimal benefits.The stress response is complex and relies heavily on interactions within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA axis) and the vagus nerve. The HPA axis is predominantly responsible for the body’s hormonal response, while the vagus nerve controls the neural responses.

Both the HPA axis and the vagus nerve are directly impacted by the gut, meaning the things we consume (like adaptogenic mushrooms) can impact both of these stress-regulating systems.

In other words, mushrooms with adaptogenic properties may help to calm the nervous system response and regulate the fluctuation of hormones (such as cortisol, the stress hormone) in way that helps the body maintain homeostasis. Everyone experiences stress triggers and has a stress reaction, so that means that adaptogenic mushrooms may be beneficial for nearly anyone that doesn’t have a mushroom allergy or other contraindications.

History of Adaptogenic Mushrooms

Adaptogenic mushrooms have been valued for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic practices, and ancient European cultures. In Russia and nearby regions, they were used in teas to support health and treat conditions like heart disease and diabetes.

Indigenous peoples in the Pacific Northwest also used local mushrooms for spiritual, dietary, and medicinal purposes. Today, these mushrooms are still recognized for their benefits in managing stress, enhancing mood, and supporting overall health.

Which Mushrooms are Adaptogens?

Not all mushrooms are adaptogens. In fact, not all mushrooms are safe to consume. Of the mushrooms we know to be edible, however, a handful of them have holistic properties that may be beneficial for treating a variety of ailments. A few of these mushrooms are also thought to have adaptogenic properties, which mean they may have general wellness benefits that range outside of specific health needs.

Some of the most popular adaptogenic mushrooms include:

Benefits of Adaptogenic Mushrooms

Although there are quite a few mushrooms that have been labeled as adaptogens, far fewer of them have been researched in a significant capacity. Still, there is some research to help us understand the potential benefits of some adaptogenic mushrooms, including these four funguses:

A pile of dried cordyceps mushrooms that can be used to make tea or powdered and encapsulated.

Cordyceps

Cordyceps is one type of mushroom that has been studied for it's potential adaptogenic effects. Human trials are limited, but one animal trial suggests that cordyceps can help reduce stress markers while increasing the ability to handle stress-related activities. Another similar study confirmed these results, staying that cordyceps may be useful for combating stress-related fatigue.

A 2014 human trial examined the use of cordyceps in combination with another herbal remedy said to have adaptogenic effects–rhodiola crenulata. This study also confirmed stress-relieving effects and an improvement in fatigue levels after only 2 weeks of dosing. Another study combined cordyceps with reishi mushroom and found the pair to help reduce the effects of physical stress on athletes caused by overtraining.

Although these studies do shed some light on the potential stress-regulating effects of cordyceps, more evidence is needed to understand the full extent of it's adaptogenic nature.

Lion’s mane

Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as lion’s mane, is another mushroom thought to offer adaptogenic effects. One study found that Lion’s Mane may help reverse stress-related changes impacting crucial neurotransmitters, like dopamine and serotonin. It may also help reduce certain inflammatory markers known to increase when experiencing stress.

Another study suggests that Lion’s Mane may prevent the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) when experiencing a stressful event, which may help decrease the chances of experiencing stress-related depression.

One study even found that Lion’s Mane extract may encourage the growth of new nerve cells and may stimulate faster healing within in the nervous system, which may help to reduce the impact of stress-related damage to the brain.

Read “Lion’s Mane Benefits” to learn more.

Maitake

Some evidence suggests that maitake may have significant brain-boosting and antidepressant effects thanks to it’s interactions with AMPA receptors, or neuroreceptors that help to regulate emotions. It’s also known to have a fair amount of beta-glucans, which may also offer a significant antidepressant effects.

One trial found that when maitake was combined with ashwagandha, it could significantly decrease the cortisol production (or the stress response) in animal models. More research is needed to verify maitake’s adaptogenic potential.

Read “Maitake Benefits” to learn more.

A reishi mushroom growing on a hardwood tree before harvested and dried for supplemental use.

Reishi

Reishi is known to have a beneficial impact on the adrenal systems, or the hormone system responsible for the secretion of cortisol, known as the stress hormone. In addition to the research cited above where reishi was found to be successful for preventing stress-induced damage in athletes caused by oversharing (when paired with cordyceps), there are a few limited studies to help us understand the potential adaptogenic benefits of reishi mushrooms.

A 2020 animal study found that supplementing with reishi may help reduce inflammation in the brain caused by decreased oxygen exposure. The study also implied that reishi may help to protect against certain instances of nerve and memory damage.

Another animal study found that reishi could help prevent stress-induced anxiety. One other study found that reishi could help reduce exercise-induced damage to muscles, again indicating that it may help lower the body’s stress response to certain stimuli.

Are Adaptogenic Mushrooms Safe?

When choosing adaptogenic mushroom supplements, prioritize high-quality products made from pure ingredients and tested for safety. Opt for those from reputable manufacturers that use third-party testing to avoid contaminants like pesticides and heavy metals.

Most high-quality adaptogenic mushroom supplements, such as maitake, cordyceps, lion’s mane, and reishi, are well-tolerated by those without mushroom allergies. However, some users might experience mild side effects, including:

  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Blood pressure changes
  • Allergic reactions
  • Upset stomach
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea or vomiting

A variety of mushroom tea blends used for their adaptogenic benefits

More specifically, though, the possibility of side effects depends on the mushroom formula you choose. Here are some potential side effects to be aware of for each of the adaptogenic mushrooms we mentioned above:

Side Effects of Adaptogenic Mushroom

Cordyceps

Cordyceps is possibly safe for most people who do not have a mushroom allergy. Some possible side effects include upset stomach, constipation, or diarrhea.

You may want to avoid cordyceps if you:

  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Have an auto-immune disease like multiple sclerosis, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Are expecting surgery in two weeks or less
  • Take blood thinning medications
  • Take immunosuppressants
  • Take testosterone or experience a testosterone imbalance

Lion's Mane

Lion’s Mane was not found to produce any adverse effects in rodents, even when used in high doses. While no serious health effects have been identified, it’s important to remember that everyone’s experience with Lion’s Mane may be different. In rare cases, some people experience an allergy to Lion's Mane.

Some people may need to avoid Lion’s Mane. You may want to avoid Lion’s Mane if:

  • You are sensitive or allergic to mushrooms. Some people experience a mushroom allergy after using Lion’s Mane mushrooms.
  • You take medications that thin the blood or have a blood clotting disorder. Lion’s Mane may have a similar blood thinning effect and combining it with other blood thinning medications could be dangerous.

Maitake

Maitake is generally well tolerated and is a regular part of diet and cuisine in many parts of the world. In fact, the edible mushroom is often considered a delicacy that’s forged during its harvest season and cooked fresh.

Still, some people should avoid supplementing with maitake, including people who:

  • May have a mushroom allergy
  • Take antihypertensive drugs
  • Take anticoagulants/antiplatelet drugs
  • Take antidiabetes drugs
  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding

Reishi

Evidence has shown that Reishi may not be safe for those who have a bleeding disorder, are taking blood-pressure-lowering medication, or who are pregnant or breastfeeding. There have also been two reported cases of liver toxicity after taking reishi in larger doses.

You should also avoid reishi if you take the following medications:

  • Antihypertensive drugs
  • Anticoagulants/Antiplatelet drugs
  • Antidiabetes drugs

Adpatogenic Mushrooms FAQs

What are adaptogenic mushrooms?

Adaptogenic mushrooms are a group of medicinal mushrooms known for their ability to help the body adapt to stress and maintain balance. Popular adaptogenic mushrooms include Reishi, Cordyceps, Lion’s Mane, and Chaga, which are believed to support immune function, energy levels, and stress response.

Do adaptogens give you a buzz?

No, adaptogens do not give you a "buzz" or any psychoactive effects like THC. They work more subtly to help balance stress, support energy, and promote overall well-being.

Who should not take adaptogens?

People with autoimmune conditions, certain chronic illnesses, or those taking specific medications (such as immunosuppressants) should consult a doctor before taking adaptogens. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also seek medical advice before using adaptogens.

Do adaptogens show up on a drug test?

No, adaptogens do not show up on standard drug tests, as they do not contain any controlled or psychoactive substances like THC.

Do adaptogens have side effects?

Adaptogens are generally considered safe but may cause side effects like digestive discomfort, headaches, or allergic reactions in some people. It’s important to start with a small dose to see how your body reacts.

Do adaptogenic mushrooms work?

Research on the benefits and efficacy of adaptogenic mushrooms is still limited, but anecdotal reports are increasingly positive. Many people have found that a functional mushroom blend helps to fill gaps in their energy levels, focus, immune function, stress levels, and more.

Which adaptogenic mushroom should I take?

The adaptogenic mushroom formula for you depends on your specific needs, but many people find that a multi-functional mushroom blend provides the most benefits.

Are Medicinal mushrooms adaptogenic?

Not all medicinal mushrooms are considered adaptogenic. Some have specific benefits designed to treat one or a few specific ailments. Many functional mushrooms, however, are thought to have adaptogenic properties thanks to their beta-glucan and terpenoid content.

Is Lion's Mane mushroom an adaptogen?

Yes, Lion’s Mane is frequently considered to be an adaptogenic mushroom with potential benefits for enhancing cognitive function.

Are adaptogenic mushrooms safe during pregnancy?

As is true for many supplements, most adaptogenic mushrooms have not been tested for safety and efficacy when used for those who are pregnant or breast feeding. This doesn’t necessarily mean that adaptogenic mushrooms are unsafe for pregnant women, but you should talk to your practitioner before incorporating any new supplements into your wellness routine.

Resources

  1. “A Critical Review to Identify the Domains Used to Measure the Effect and Outcome of Adaptogenic Herbal Medicines” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7309667/
  2. “A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240259/
  3. “Antifatigue and Antistress Effect of the Hot-Water Fraction from Mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis” https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/26/5/26_5_691/_article
  4. “Studies on the Antifatigue Activities of Cordyceps militaris Fruit Body Extract in Mouse Model” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553310/
  5. “Rhodiola crenulata- and Cordyceps sinensis-Based Supplement Boosts Aerobic Exercise Performance after Short-Term High Altitude Training” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4174424/
  6. “Improving Training Condition Assessment in Endurance Cyclists: Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Ophiocordyceps sinensis Dietary Supplementation” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24799948/
  7. “Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects through Modulating BDNF/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling in Mice” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5855563/
  8. “Lion's Mane, Hericium erinaceus and Tiger Milk, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Higher Basidiomycetes) Medicinal Mushrooms Stimulate Neurite Outgrowth in Dissociated Cells of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Retina: An In Vitro Study”https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26853959/
  9. “Griflola frondosa (GF) produces significant antidepressant effects involving AMPA receptor activation in mice” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130584/
  10. “Clinical and Physiological Perspectives of β-Glucans: The Past, Present, and Future” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618555/
  11. “Immune enhancing effects of WB365, a novel combination of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Maitake (Grifola frondosa) extracts” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336880/
  12. “A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240259/
  13. “Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract prevents hypobaric hypoxia induced memory deficit by modulating neurotransmission, neuroplasticity and maintaining redox homeostasis” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65812-5
  14. “Antidepressant-like effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia in rats” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24369991/
  15. “Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides supplementation attenuates exercise-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of mice” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X13000417
  16. “Haematological, biochemical and histopathological aspects of Hericium erinaceus ingestion in a rodent model: A sub-chronic toxicological assessment” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27816657/
  17. “Hericium erinaceum (yamabushitake) extract-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome monitored by serum surfactant proteins” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14714963/
  18. “Reishi Mushroom” https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/905.html
  19. “Fatal fulminant hepatitis associated with Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) mushroom powder” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17621752/

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