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The CBD industry has grown rapidly, but many farmers and entrepreneurs still ask:How much CBD oil can one acre of hemp produce? The answer depends on factors like how many hemp plants you can grow per acre, the CBD yield per plant, extraction efficiency, and the type of hemp biomass used.
According to a 2020 survey, the average CBD yield was approximately 1,520 pounds per acre, but what does that actually mean?
This guide breaks it all down — from plant spacing and biomass yield to how much CBD oil you can expect per pound of hemp, so you can estimate potential profit per acre.
Table of Contents
How Much Hemp Can Be Grown Per Acre?
How Much CBD Oil Can Be Produced From One Hemp Plant?
How Much CBD is in Hemp Oil?
Conclusion: How Much CBD is Produced Per Acre of Hemp?
Resources
|
Factor |
Estimate |
|
Hemp plants per acre |
1,500–2,500 |
|
Biomass per acre |
1,000–3,000 lbs |
|
Crude oil per acre |
~1,500 lbs |
|
CBD concentration in oil |
50–75% |
|
Estimated CBD oil yield |
750–1,125 lbs |
|
Revenue (at $200–$450/lb) |
$150,000–$506,250 |
In general, you can grow roughly 1,500 to 3,000 hemp plants per acre depending on the size of the hemp cultivar you choose and the space between each hemp plant. Adequate sunlight is crucial for CBD production, so it’s recommended that hemp plants are spaced between 3 and 5 feet apart.
Hemp is incredibly versatile and can be used to make paper, textiles, building materials, food products, and, of course, CBD products. The type of product you intend to make determines the type of hemp you’ll need to grow and how much hemp you can grow on an acre of land.
To produce CBD, you’ll need to grow female hemp plants because only female plants produce flowers, and the flower is the richest source of cannabinoids like CBD. You’ll also want to grow a strain of hemp designed for CBD production (as opposed to industrial hemp, which is typically farmed for its fiber or oil content).
Flowering hemp plants generally need more space and sunlight than male plants, so you may find your total capacity for hemp to be on the lighter end, around 1,500 plants per acre.
In a 2018 trial run by the Northwest Crops and Soil Program at the University of Vermont, a single hemp plant spaced 5 by 5 feet apart weighed 9.11 pounds on average. That means that one acre of land can yield approximately 13,665 pounds of hemp biomass that can be used to produce hemp CBD oil.
The answer to this one is pretty complicated because the factors regarding CBD content in hemp can vary greatly. On average, one hemp plant will make approximately one pound of crude oil, or a raw oil product that hasn’t been fully refined.
Crude hemp oil contains CBD and many other plant compounds, like other cannabinoids and terpenes, as well as plant materials that may need to be removed to improve the taste and texture of the final oil.
Of course, our “one pound” estimate is just that—an estimate. The actual amount of crude CBD oil you will get from one single hemp plant depends on various factors, including the:
A pound of high-quality hemp biomass (8–15% CBD) can produce around 40–70 grams of CBD oil, depending on extraction efficiency. This may translate to dozens of consumer-ready CBD tinctures, vape cartridges, or edibles, depending on the formulation.
CBD flower refers to the trimmed, cannabinoid-rich buds from the female hemp plant, often used for smokable or high-end products. Hemp biomass, by contrast, includes stems, leaves, and excess flower matter used for crude oil extraction.
|
Biomass |
CBD Flower |
|
Mixed plant matter |
Flower-only |
|
Lower cannabinoid concentration |
Higher CBD potency |
|
Cheaper to produce |
Higher market value |
|
Used for bulk oil |
Used for smokables or isolates |
As we mentioned, the initial oil produced from hemp is a crude oil, or an unrefined product that contains an array of plant compounds. Crude oil can be sold wholesale to manufacturers, but it needs to be refined if you intend to create a “final product” like a CBD tincture or gummy.
The amount of CBD in the final oil depends on varying factors, like the CBD concentration in the original plant material, the refinement methods used, and the desired resulting product.
For instance, if you aim to produce full spectrum CBD oil, or a CBD product that contains an array of hemp-derived cannabinoids and terpenes, you’ll be able to produce significantly more from the same amount of crude oil than if you were to make CBD isolate, a pure form of CBD.
Some refinement methods are more efficient than others, but the largest discrepancy is in the potency of the original crude oil. Because CBD potency can range from 3-20% in different hemp cultivars, the CBD potency in the crude oil can also range from 20-75%. Because of these huge discrepancies between hemp crops, it’s impossible to say how much CBD you will get from a single hemp plant or an acre of hemp, but we can make general estimates.
If you add all of the above factors up, you’ll find that one acre of hemp can produce roughly 1,500 hemp plants, or roughly 1,500 pounds of crude oil. The amount of CBD available depends on the total potency in the original material, but crude oil may contain around 50-65% CBD. On the higher end, this means that you can produce around 975 pounds of CBD oil from one acre of hemp.
Keep in mind that there are numerous factors that affect the CBD yield from an acre of hemp, and it is ultimately impossible to predict how much CBD you can produce from hemp. In perfect conditions, farmers have reported much higher yields than suggested above, while others have suggested that they pulled nearly half that amount from a full acre of hemp.
The answer to “how much CBD is produced per acre of hemp” truly depends on the details, starting with the potency of the hemp cultivar and the soil quality and ending with the particular refinement methods used during production. Over time, hemp producers can gain a better understanding of their CBD yields and improve production rates, allowing them to make better predictions about their CBD yields from crop to crop.
Hemp grown for CBD can bring in anywhere from $150,000 to over $500,000 per acre, depending on biomass quality, CBD concentration, and market price.
Profit Breakdown Example:
Biomass yield per acre: 2,000 lbs
CBD oil yield: ~1,000 lbs (50% concentration)
Market price per lb CBD oil: $300–$500
Gross revenue estimate: $300,000–$500,000
Net profit after costs: Highly variable, typically $50,000–$250,000 per acre.
The number of hemp plants per acre can vary depending on the planting method and the purpose of the crop. Typically, for CBD production, farmers plant between 1,000 to 2,500 plants per acre to ensure enough space for each plant to grow optimally.
The amount of CBD oil produced per plant can vary based on factors like plant genetics and growing conditions. On average, a single hemp plant can produce between 0.5 to 2 pounds of biomass, which may yield anywhere from 5 to 25 grams of CBD oil.
A well-cultivated hemp plant can produce approximately 10 to 15% CBD content by weight, which translates to roughly 5 to 25 grams of CBD oil per plant, depending on the plant's size and health.
An acre of hemp can produce anywhere from 1,000 to 3,000 pounds of dry hemp biomass, depending on factors like planting density, soil quality, and weather conditions.
The CBD yield per acre can range from 50 to 150 pounds of CBD oil, depending on the concentration of CBD in the plants and the efficiency of the extraction process.
Hemp price per pound varies with market conditions, quality, and CBD content. Typically, the price can range from $200 to $450 per pound of dried hemp biomass with high CBD content.
The profitability of a hemp plant can vary depending on factors such as the plant's intended use (e.g., fiber, seeds, or CBD), local market conditions, and farming practices. On average, hemp farming can be profitable, with high-value products like CBD potentially generating significant returns. However, initial investment and operational costs must be considered.
Hemp is generally considered a relatively easy crop to farm compared to some other plants. It is resilient and can grow in a variety of soil types and climates. However, successful hemp farming requires understanding local regulations, proper soil preparation, and pest management.
The number of hemp plants you can grow at home depends on your local regulations, which vary widely. Some areas have limits on the number of plants or require specific licenses for cultivation. Always check and comply with your local laws before starting.
The number of seeds produced by a single hemp plant can vary widely based on factors such as the plant's genetics, growing conditions, and cultivation practices. On average, a healthy hemp plant might produce between 500 to 1,000 seeds, though this can be higher or lower depending on the specifics.
Yes, hemp is typically grown as an annual crop, meaning it needs to be replanted each year. It completes its life cycle in a single growing season, so replanting is necessary to cultivate hemp in successive years.
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